# FreeBSD 15 cloudinit VMs

Configs and details for how to set up and run FreeBSD 15 cloudinit VMs
in QEMU on Apple Silicon machines such as MacBook Pro M1.

## Install tools on host

On your Apple Silicon machine, install Homebrew if you haven't already.

<https://brew.sh/>

Then use Homebrew to install QEMU, cdrtools, wget and xz:

```zsh
brew install qemu cdrtools wget xz
```

## Create directories on host

Create the following directories inside your local clone of this repo.

```zsh
mkdir -p efi/ qcow2/ user-data-iso/ vm/
```

At this point, you should have the following directory structure:

```text
.
├── README.md
├── cloudinit-data
│   └── simple
│       ├── meta-data.yaml
│       └── user-data.yaml
├── efi
├── qcow2
├── user-data-iso
└── vm
```

## Download FreeBSD and EFI files

Download FreeBSD 15 VM image and uncompress it:

```zsh
cd qcow2/
wget https://download.freebsd.org/releases/VM-IMAGES/15.0-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/FreeBSD-15.0-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2.xz
unxz FreeBSD-15.0-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2.xz
cd ..
```

Download and extract EFI files:

```zsh
cd efi/
wget https://gist.github.com/niw/4f1f9bb572f40d406866f23b3127919b/raw/f546faea68f4149c06cca88fa67ace07a3758268/QEMU_EFI-cb438b9-edk2-stable202011-with-extra-resolutions.tar.gz
tar xf QEMU_EFI-cb438b9-edk2-stable202011-with-extra-resolutions.tar.gz
cd ..
```

We will be reusing these files for each of our VMs.

## Prepare files for VM

Create cloudinit config ISO for first VM from config files
using mkisofs from cdrtools:

```zsh
mkisofs \
  -o user-data-iso/simple.iso \
  -volid cidata \
  -joliet -rock \
  -input-charset utf-8 \
  -quiet \
  -graft-points \
  user-data=cloudinit-data/simple/user-data.yaml \
  meta-data=cloudinit-data/simple/meta-data.yaml
```

Create directory for VM files:

```zsh
mkdir -p vm/simple/
```

Create EFI files for the VM:

```zsh
dd if=/dev/zero of=vm/simple/pflash0.img bs=1m count=64
dd if=/dev/zero of=vm/simple/pflash1.img bs=1m count=64
dd if=efi/QEMU_EFI.fd of=vm/simple/pflash0.img conv=notrunc
dd if=efi/QEMU_VARS.fd of=vm/simple/pflash1.img conv=notrunc
```

Copy FreeBSD 15 cloudinit image for the VM:

```zsh
cp \
  qcow2/FreeBSD-15.0-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2 \
  vm/simple/hdd0.qcow2
```

At this point, you should have the following directory structure:

```text
.
├── README.md
├── cloudinit-data
│   └── simple
│       ├── meta-data.yaml
│       └── user-data.yaml
├── efi
│   ├── QEMU_EFI-cb438b9-edk2-stable202011-with-extra-resolutions.tar.gz
│   ├── QEMU_EFI.fd
│   └── QEMU_VARS.fd
├── qcow2
│   └── FreeBSD-15.0-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2
├── user-data-iso
│   └── simple.iso
└── vm
    └── simple
        ├── hdd0.qcow2
        ├── pflash0.img
        └── pflash1.img
```

Boot the VM in QEMU:

```zsh
qemu-system-aarch64 \
  -M virt \
  -accel hvf \
  -cpu host \
  -smp 4 \
  -m 4096 \
  -drive file=vm/simple/pflash0.img,format=raw,if=pflash,readonly=on \
  -drive file=vm/simple/pflash1.img,format=raw,if=pflash \
  -device virtio-gpu-pci \
  -display default,show-cursor=on \
  -device qemu-xhci \
  -device usb-kbd \
  -device usb-tablet \
  -device intel-hda \
  -device hda-duplex \
  -drive file=vm/simple/hdd0.qcow2,format=qcow2,cache=writethrough \
  -nographic \
  -serial mon:stdio \
  -netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
  -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
  -device virtio-scsi-pci,id=scsi0 \
  -drive file=user-data-iso/simple.iso,format=raw,readonly=on,if=none,id=cdrom0 \
  -device scsi-cd,drive=cdrom0 
```

A bunch of text will scroll by, and you will see FreeBSD updating itself to latest version if necessary, and FreeBSD installing the packages that we have in the cloud-init configs, and doing other cloud-init steps.

After a pretty short amount of time, you should see the login prompt:

```text
FreeBSD/arm64 (simple-vm) (ttyu0)

login: 
```

We see here that hostname has been set according to our cloud-init configs.

Log in as user `simple-user`

Enter password `hest123`

Now you are logged in on the VM :D